阐释从句定语以句学习之我见大纲

更新时间:2024-03-06 点赞:33916 浏览:157573 作者:用户投稿原创标记本站原创

摘 要:定语从句对于中学生来说,既是要点,也是难点。掌握和应用定语从句要从概念入手,把握其基本构成,理清关系词和先行词之间的关系,理解关系词所承担的语法作用尤为重要。
关键词:定语从句;构成;关系词
英语中,起定语作用的基本词类是形容词,用来修饰名词、代词,但是形容词并非是起定语作用的唯一形式,有可能是短语,甚至是句子。我们把英语复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句称之为定语从句,也叫形容词性从句。

一、掌握定语从句的基本构成

比较以下三个短语:
(1)a nice girl (一个漂亮的女孩)
(2)a nice girl in red (一个穿红衣服的漂亮女孩)
(3)a nice girl in red who is standing under the tree(一个站在树底下的穿红衣服的漂亮女孩)
以上三个短语中心词都是名词“girl”,例(1)是单个形容词“nice”做定语,修饰名词“girl”,一般放在被修饰词之前。例(2)是在例(1)的基础上,添加了后置介词短语“in red”,同样起修饰名词“girl”的作用。例(3)在例(2)的基础上,添加了一个主谓结构完整的句子“who is standing under the tree”来修饰名词“girl”。从中可知,无论是单个的词还是短语或句子,它们的功能是相同的,都是用以修饰中心名词的,使中心名词的含义更加丰富多彩,只不过短语和句子作定语时一般要放在被修饰词之后。我们把起定语作用的句子(who is standing under the tree)就称为定语从句(因为起形容词的作用,因此也叫做形容词性从句),被修饰的词叫做先行词。
例:The book which /that my father bought for me is on the desk.(爸爸给我买的书在桌子上)
上句中画线部分虽然是一个主谓完整的句子,但在整个句子中起到形容词的作用,做定语,修饰限定中心名词“the book”。我们可以将例句分解成以下两个分句:(1)The book is on the desk. (2)My father bought the book for me .不难看出,分句(2)中的the book 在分句中做宾语,用关系词“which”或 “that”代替后置于句首引导分句,修饰限定分句(1)中的名词“the book”。
又如:The book which / that is about Lu Xun is on the desk.(关系词在从句中做主语)
The book whose cover is red is on the desk.(关系词在从句中做定语)
总结以上分析,可以得出以下结论:

1.定语从句由关系词引导(关系词必须置于从句之首)。

2.关系词和先行词之间存在内部联系(或复指代替,或修饰限定)。

3.关系词在从句中承担句子成分(关系词作从句主语时,其数量和先行词保持一致,格取决于在从句充当的成分)。

二、理解关系词的语法作用

根据关系词在定语从句中所承担的语法作用,又分为关系代词和关系副词。
1.关系代词:who,whom,whose,which,源于:毕业总结范文www.618jyw.com
that,在从句中起主语、宾语、定语等作用,先行词为“事或物”时用关系词“which,whose”引导,先行词为“人”时,用关系词“who,whom,whose”引导,“that”既可以指人也可以指事物。
例:The girl who / that is talking with Li Ming is my sister.(关系词在从句中做主语)
The girl whom / that / who I talked with her is my sister.(关系词在从句中做宾语)
The girl whose skirt is red is my sister. (关系词在从句中做定语 )
注意:关系代词whose表示所属关系,在从句中作定语。一般置于名词前,既可指人,也可指物。指物时可以用of which或用with介词短语代替。
例:This is the house whose windows were broken.=This is the house with broken windows.
在正式文件中常用of which:
This is the house the windows of which were broken.=This is the house of which the windows were broken.

2.关系副词:when,where,why在从句中作状语。

when用在时间名词后,如day,season等:
1979 was the year when my son was born.
=1979 was the year in which my son was born.
=1979 was the year which my son was born in.
where用在地点名词后,如home,place,town等:
This is the place where I grew up.
=This is the place in which I grew up.
=This is the place which I grew up in.
why用在reason后:
That’s the reason why he dislikes me.
=That’s the reason for which he dislikes me.
注意:当先行词为时间、地点、原因名词时,只有关系词在从句中作状语时才用when,where和why。
3.关系代词“as”常用在such...as,the same...as,as...as 结构中。
例:This is not such a book as I expected.
I borrowed the same book as you bought yesterday.
注意:“the same...as” 表示同类,“the same...that”表示同一个:
This is the same tool as I used last time.
This is the same tool that I used last time.
(作者单位 甘肃省陇南市礼县职业中等专业学校)
相关文章
推荐阅读

 发表评论

共有3000条评论 快来参与吧~