海盗,乌托邦room,food海盗,索马里海盗,船长,海盗文化:海上乌托邦?
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17～18世纪是海盗的黄金。反抗政府、贵族、教会的不公正待遇，过着无拘无束、惊险刺激的生活。歧视，压迫，遵循平等与自由的存活准则，建立起了海上“乌托邦”王国。如今，海盗文化依然盛行，个中理由与其说是对海盗不羁性格、侠义的喜爱，不如说是向往海盗那自由、平等、刺激的生活。以角度来说，哪个人心中一份“海盗情结”呢？
Nowadays pirates are cool, and I’m not talking about people who download music and movies illegally. I’m talking about buccaneers1): swashbuckling2), rum drinking, peg-legged3), eye-patched4) pirates. Not only can the Jolly Roger5) be seen in dorm rooms across the country, but skull and crossbones6) motifs are popping up in the unlikeliest of places such as on bibs7) for babies or backpacks for little girls. Even the Disney Corporation sensed that there was money to be made in this trend, coming out with their Pirates of the Caribbean movies. What’s behind this surge of pirate cool? Just another wacky bandwagon8) fad that will fade as quickly as it erupted or is it a reflection of something deeper?
Piracy and pirates he existed since ancient times and he been active all over the world. Even today the UN is doing battle with missile armed pirates off the coast of Somalia. However, for all intents and purposes9), the pirates and pirate culture that I refer to in this article are based around the historical Caribbean pirates of the 17th and 18th centuries and the modern day revivalists10) who also use this era’s Caribbean or sometimes more exotically, South Seas, aesthetic. That means Black Beard11) and Captain Jack Sparrow12), not ancient Phoenicians13) and modern day Somalis.
Lots of different things come to mind when one thinks of pirates: drunkenness, eye patches, wooden legs, walking the plank14), brutality, beards, parrots, violence, whoreing and more drunkenness. For some, that’s the appeal, being rowdy, yelling and using a veritable treasure trove15) of colorful dialogue. But perhaps there is also a deeper meaning to the appeal of pirate culture today.
Pirates were free men and women who lived lives of autonomy and adventure, directing their ships where they wished, staying in idyllic islands for however long they wanted and taking what they needed to survive. In today’s modern world full of rules and regulations, boundaries, borders and patrols16), such a lifestyle speaks powerfully to17) our own inner human needs for independence and freedom from the powers that oppress us and make us work 9~5 in a gray cubicle so we can pay off the mortgage.
During the Golden Age of piracy between 1650 to 1725, rules that regulated the life of ordinary people were very strict. But there was a wayout of a peasant’s life of starvation, brutalization and misery for the benefit of unimaginably wealthy elites and that was the freedom and self-fulfillment of piracy. Like the many European settlers who escaped the brutal oppression of their colonial government in the New World and the near slery of indentured18) servitude by running away to live with Native Americans, most of the men who became pirates escaped from the unimaginably cruel conditions of the Royal Ny and the merchant marine as well as slery on sugar plantations19) in the Caribbean.
1[3][4]
Contrary to many of the popular images we he of pirates as brutal, vicious fiends without honor, joining a pirate crew was more like a liberation for the erage sailor. Conditions in the Ny and merchant marine were brutal and strict. Regular sailors shared in none of the profits that they made for the ship’s wealthy land-based owner while taking all the risks for miserable pay and even worse treatment. The power structure on these ships was strictly hierarchical20) and regular sailors had no input whatsoever in any decisions that their captain made. Discipline was harsh and intolerance for difference, whether religion, skin color, gender or sexual orientation, abounded. As Dr. Johnson21) famously observed: “No man will be a sailor who has contrivance enough to get himself into a jail; for being in a ship is being in jail with the chance of being drowned ... A man in jail has more room, better food, and commonly better company.” It is no wonder then that many pirate crews were easily recruited and joined their “attackers” as soon as their officers were no longer in a position of power over them.
Pirate ships were veritable utopias on the sea. Democratically and horizontally organized, each crewman had a say in what he or she would be participating in and all shared in the risks and gains. Each crew operated under a written pact that was agreed on and signed by all crewmen. These pacts commonly made provisions for crewmen who were injured in raids in the form of compensation. Pirate crews were also highly diverse and included people of various skin colors as well as women. There was no glass ceiling22): anyone could be captain if they proved themselves worthy. These people were proletarian rebels, dropouts from an unjust and unequal society. They acted in an autonomous and egalitarian23) fashion, despite the dangers and constant persecution. They set up “pirate utopias” on uninhabited and remote islands which were like free autonomous zones organized with an anarchist24) political structure.
Contrary to popular notions, pirates were not just rough, brutal men interested only in rum and women. The Caribbean islands at the time were a teeming mass of outcasts, political deportees25) and so-called religious extremists—literally anyone who dared to challenge the state, the monarchy and capitalist exploitation. There were deported Irishmen, Scottish Royalists, religious dissenters, exiled conspirators of various uprisings and plots against the King as well as the defeated anarchist revolutionaries of the English Civil War of the 1640s, and many others who fled persecution and joined revolutionary pirate crews. This revolutionary consciousness can be seen in the words of one pirate Captain Bellamy who spoke these words to the captain of a merchant vessel his crew had just seized and who had refused to join them: “They vilify26) us, the scoundrels27) do, when there is only this difference. They rob the poor under the cover of law, and we plunder the rich under the protection of our own courage; had you not better make one of us, than sneak after the arses of those villains for employment?”
2[3][4]
These pirates were so succesul that their very existence threatened the mighty and fast-growing empires of Europe that were scrambling28) over each other to gain wealth and territory in the New World. Not only did they present an alternative lifestyle based on equality, freedom and solidarity, but their brazen attacks on shipping in the lucrative waters of the Caribbean deprived these growing empires of both manpower and material goods. Clearly, something had to be done.
It is ironic that the early stages of piracy were both encouraged and often state-sanctioned as in times of war between rivals England and Spain. Queen Elizabeth found it convenient to allow sea adventurers to attack Spanish ships while telling Spain that it was out of her hands since the men was clearly pirates. This setup, however, was not the free, autonomous piracy and so the crewmen on these privateer29) ships suffered the same depration and exploitation as the men in the ny.
Once piracy had exhausted its “legitimate” uses for the state, a campaign to eradicate piracy once and for all30) was put into place that can be credited with many of our current ideas about the viciousness and brutality of pirates. It was a vast propaganda campaign meant to destroy any opposition to the power of the state. They were slandered31) as riotous, blood thirsty, sodomists, and vicious men while the penalty for piracy was death. The famous Captain Kidd32) was hanged and then his body, covered in tar to preserve it, was placed in a gibbet, a sort of iron cage and hung at Tilbury Point as a reminder to all seamen of the risks of escaping from wage slery. And thus, piracy declined due to the steady retaliation33) of the major European powers that were tightening their political and economic grip on parts of the world that had previously been on the very fringes of civilization.
Pirate culture of today that emulates these free revolutionaries might be seen as an outcome and, ultimately, a rejection, of the devastation that the last 500 years of imperiali and capitalist exploitation has wrought not just on our environment or in the so-called “Third World” but on our very psyches. Why do we no longer he the choice to live free like the pirates of yesteryear? What I find heartening about this pirate fad is that more and more people are seeing that there is more to life than ceaseless accumulation of material goods and that freedom is something people really need and want. Only time will tell where pirate culture goes from here.
眼下海盗风靡一时，我指那些非法下载盗版音乐和电影的人(编注：pirate有“盗版者”之意)，的海盗：那些喝着朗姆酒、装着木制假肢、戴着眼罩、神气活现的海盗。海盗旗在全国各地的学校宿舍里，带有骷髅头和交叉腿骨的图案也无处不在，就连婴儿围嘴和小女孩背包这样最能放这些东西的地方也不放过。连迪士尼公司也意识到这一时尚大有钱赚，推出了《海盗》系列电影。隐藏在这股海盗热背后的到底是呢？是又一阵来去匆匆、盲目跟以的疯狂潮流呢，还是了某些深层的含义？
海盗和海盗活动自古就有，在世界各地都很猖獗。即使在今天，联合国仍在与索马里海岸附近装备有导弹的海盗斗智斗勇。不过，不管以哪来讲，所提到的海盗和海盗文化围绕历史上17和18世纪的海盗现代追随者来展开的。其现代追随者的那个时候海盗的审美情趣，有时为了显得更有异国情调，也模仿南太平洋海盗的审美风格。这说，模仿的是黑胡子和杰克·斯帕罗船长之类的海盗，而古代的腓尼基海盗现代的索马里海盗。
3[4]
一想到海盗，脑海中就会浮现出不同的：醉酒、眼罩、木制假肢、走跳板、残暴、留大胡子、养鹦鹉、暴戾、嫖宿，然后还是醉酒。对于某些人来说，这海盗的魅力所在，想喊就喊，想闹就闹，说话妙语连珠，犹如地下挖出的璀璨宝藏。，在海盗文化的魅力背后，也许还更为深层的含义。
海盗无论男女皆自由自在，过着无拘无束、惊险刺激的生活，喜欢把船开到哪儿就开到哪儿，在田园牧歌般的岛上爱住多久就住多久，为了存活，就索取。在世界，到处清规戒律、疆界地界、巡逻巡视的世界上，内心渴望独立，渴望自由，渴望摆脱那些压迫、迫使在灰色的小隔间里朝九晚五地工作以偿还房贷的权力机构，，海盗的生活方式就对产生了的吸引力。
1650～1725年是海盗的黄金时期，那时普通百姓的生活被十分严格的清规戒律所束缚。，要摆脱饥饿、悲惨、受尽欺凌的农民命运，享受富贵奢华的精英生活，还是有办法的，那做自由自在、自我的海盗。美洲大陆的欧洲移民为了摆脱殖民地政府的野蛮压迫近乎奴隶般的契约劳役，选择了逃跑，与土著美洲人生活在一起。同这些人一样，人海盗，为了躲避皇家海军和商船商人想象的残酷，海蔗糖种植园主的奴役。
在心目中，典型的海盗大都与野蛮、邪恶毫无廉耻道义的恶魔联系在一起。但事实恰恰相反，对普通水手来说，加入海盗等于解放。在海军和商船中，生活条件极为残酷和严苛。普通水手为陆地上有钱的船老板打工，赚的钱却的份；拿着少得可怜的工资，受着非人的待遇，却要承担的风险。船上的权力结构等级森严，决定船长一人说了算，普通水手根本说话的权利。船上苛刻的规定，几乎容忍任何异端，不管是宗教、肤色、性别还是性取向等等。约翰逊博士曾有过一段著名的言论：“任何人，只要有能力把弄进监狱，都不会愿意当水手；在船上就于住在随时都有可能淹没的监狱里……何况蹲监狱的人还有更大的空间、更好的食物，通常来说更好的伙伴。”如此说来，也就难怪水手轻易就成了海盗，一旦的上司失去对的掌控，就会倒戈加入“攻击者”的队伍。
海盗船是名副其实的海上理想国。、平等的组织，每成员都有权决定要参加行动，每个人都分担的风险，享受的利益。每成员的都受书面协定的支配，协定经过成员的认同和签名。这类协定通常会对在突袭中受伤的成员如何补偿作出规定。海盗成员的构成多元化，肤色的人，还有妇女。海盗船上不有着晋升的“玻璃天花板”，任何人只要证明有能力，都有可能船长。当时这些人都属于反叛的普罗大众，被缺乏公平和正义的社会所抛弃。经常有危险，也经常受到迫害，但当家做主，人人地位平等。在荒无人烟的偏僻海岛上，成立了“海盗乌托邦”，无政府主义者的政治结构，好比是自由的自治区域。
和通常的不同，海盗并不粗鲁、野蛮的男人，只对朗姆酒和女人感兴趣。那时的海岛聚集了形形色色的人：有被家庭和社会抛弃者，有政治流放犯，谓的宗教极端分子。几乎敢于挑战、王权和资本主义剥削的人皆汇集于此。中有被放逐的爱尔兰人，有苏格兰保皇党人，有宗教异端分子，有密谋叛乱谋害国王而被放逐者，有17世纪40年代英国内战中失败的无政府主义革命者，还有其他逃避迫害、加入了革命性的海盗组织的人。革命意识以海盗贝拉米船长的话中听出端倪，这些话是他对一艘商船的船长说的(这位船长的船被贝拉米船长的手下攻占，但拒绝加入)：“故意丑化，那些无赖的家伙，和的区别仅仅：在法律的保护下掠夺穷人，而则是在自身勇气的保护下劫富济贫；你加入难道不比鬼鬼祟祟地跟在那群流氓的屁股后面替卖命强吗？”
这些海盗十分成功，的有着本身对强大并进展的欧洲帝国的威胁。这些帝国其时正争先恐后地在美洲大陆抢夺财富，瓜分领土。这些海盗了另建立在平等、自由和团结上的生活方式，在最有油水的海域对过往船只发动的肆无忌惮的进攻，也以人力和物力两削弱了这些进展帝国。显然，得采取应对的措施了。
具有讽刺意味的是，在英国和西班牙这对老对手交战期间，这些早期的海盗活动是受到的，的许可。伊丽莎白女王就让海上冒险家去攻击西班牙船只得心应手，却告诉西班牙她管不了，那显然是海盗所为。，勾当并非自由、自主的海盗，这些私掠船上的水手和海军里的水手一样，遭到和剥削的。
一旦海盗对失去了“合法的”价值，一场完全彻底的清剿海盗运动就开始了。说，有关海盗邪恶、残暴的这场运动的成果。一场声势浩大的宣传攻势，旨在摧毁敢于对抗权力的任何力量。被扣上了、嗜血、变态和邪恶的帽子，而对海盗罪的处罚是死刑。著名的基德船长被绞死的，他的尸体被涂上焦油(以利于保存)后放置在像铁笼子的绞刑架里，挂在蒂尔伯里角，以警示水手逃脱雇佣劳役的代价。，欧洲持续的报复，它们对以前文明边缘的地区加强了政治和经济制约小学语文教学论文，海盗活动就此逐渐衰落。
过去五百年来，帝国主义和资本主义剥削对环境所谓的“世界”了破坏，也给造成了心理上的损伤。这些模仿自由革命者的海盗文化看做是破坏产生的结果，，以根本上来看，对破坏的抵抗。为像过去的海盗那样选择自由自在的生活呢？令我欣慰的是，以风靡的海盗时尚中，我越来越多的人意识到生活的作用小学数学教学论文并仅无休止地积聚物质财富，自由才是和渴望的。海盗文化此后还将走向何方？时间能给出答案。
1.buccaneer [ˌbʌkəˈniə] n. 海盗
2.swashbuckling [ˈswɔʃˌbʌkliŋ] adj. 神气活现的，虚张声势的
9.for all intents and purposes：(=in every practical sense)以来说
10.revivalist [riˈvaivəlist] n. 信仰复兴运动者
11.Black Beard：黑胡子海盗，真名爱德华·蒂奇(Edward Teach, 1680～1718)，出生于英国布里斯托尔，是18世纪横行海地区最臭名昭彰的海盗。动漫《海贼王》(One Piece)中亦有此角色。
12.Jack Sparrow：杰克·斯帕罗，电影《海盗》(Pirates of the Caribbean)系列中“黑珍珠号”(The Black Pearl)的船长，人称杰克·斯帕罗船长。
13.Phoenician：腓尼基人，历史上古老的民族，自称为闪美特人，又称闪族人。生活在今天地中海东岸的黎巴嫩和叙利亚沿海一带。腓尼基人是古代世界最著名的航海家和商人，驾驶着船只踏遍了地中海的每角落。
1
16.patrol [pəˈtrəʊl] n. 巡逻，巡视
1
19.plantation [plɑːnˈteɪʃ(ə)n] n. 种植园
20.hierarchical [ˌhaɪəˈrɑː(r)kɪk(ə)l] adj. 分等级的
21.Dr. Johnson：约翰逊博士(Samuel Johnson, 1709～1784)，英国作家，批评家
22.glass ceiling：玻璃天花板(指视若无形而实际有着的妇女、少数族裔在职业岗位上升迁的局限)
23.egalitarian [ɪˌɡælɪˈteəriən] adj. 平等主义的
2
26.vilify [ˈvɪlɪfaɪ] vt. 诽谤，辱骂
27.scoundrel [ˈskaʊndrəl] n. 无赖，恶棍
28.scramble [ˈskræmb(ə)l] vi. 争夺，抢夺
29.privateer [ˈpraɪvətɪə] n. 私掠船
30.once and for all：断然地，坚决地
31.slander [ˈslɑːndə(r)] vt. 口头诽谤，造谣
32.Captain Kidd：基德船长，全名威廉·基德(William Kidd, 1645～1701)，苏格兰人，有“海盗之王”的称号。基德是一位极富争议的船长，他曾经是战争英雄，后赏金猎人，却以海盗罪被处死，但他至死不承认是海盗。
33.retaliation [rɪˌtæliˈeɪʃ(ə)n] n. 报复，报仇
[3]4
Nowadays pirates are cool, and I’m not talking about people who download music and movies illegally. I’m talking about buccaneers1): swashbuckling2), rum drinking, peg-legged3), eye-patched4) pirates. Not only can the Jolly Roger5) be seen in dorm rooms across the country, but skull and crossbones6) motifs are popping up in the unlikeliest of places such as on bibs7) for babies or backpacks for little girls. Even the Disney Corporation sensed that there was money to be made in this trend, coming out with their Pirates of the Caribbean movies. What’s behind this surge of pirate cool? Just another wacky bandwagon8) fad that will fade as quickly as it erupted or is it a reflection of something deeper?
Piracy and pirates he existed since ancient times and he been active all over the world. Even today the UN is doing battle with missile armed pirates off the coast of Somalia. However, for all intents and purposes9), the pirates and pirate culture that I refer to in this article are based around the historical Caribbean pirates of the 17th and 18th centuries and the modern day revivalists10) who also use this era’s Caribbean or sometimes more exotically, South Seas, aesthetic. That means Black Beard11) and Captain Jack Sparrow12), not ancient Phoenicians13) and modern day Somalis.
Lots of different things come to mind when one thinks of pirates: drunkenness, eye patches, wooden legs, walking the plank14), brutality, beards, parrots, violence, whoreing and more drunkenness. For some, that’s the appeal, being rowdy, yelling and using a veritable treasure trove15) of colorful dialogue. But perhaps there is also a deeper meaning to the appeal of pirate culture today.
Pirates were free men and women who lived lives of autonomy and adventure, directing their ships where they wished, staying in idyllic islands for however long they wanted and taking what they needed to survive. In today’s modern world full of rules and regulations, boundaries, borders and patrols16), such a lifestyle speaks powerfully to17) our own inner human needs for independence and freedom from the powers that oppress us and make us work 9~5 in a gray cubicle so we can pay off the mortgage.
During the Golden Age of piracy between 1650 to 1725, rules that regulated the life of ordinary people were very strict. But there was a wayout of a peasant’s life of starvation, brutalization and misery for the benefit of unimaginably wealthy elites and that was the freedom and self-fulfillment of piracy. Like the many European settlers who escaped the brutal oppression of their colonial government in the New World and the near slery of indentured18) servitude by running away to live with Native Americans, most of the men who became pirates escaped from the unimaginably cruel conditions of the Royal Ny and the merchant marine as well as slery on sugar plantations19) in the Caribbean.
1[3][4]
Contrary to many of the popular images we he of pirates as brutal, vicious fiends without honor, joining a pirate crew was more like a liberation for the erage sailor. Conditions in the Ny and merchant marine were brutal and strict. Regular sailors shared in none of the profits that they made for the ship’s wealthy land-based owner while taking all the risks for miserable pay and even worse treatment. The power structure on these ships was strictly hierarchical20) and regular sailors had no input whatsoever in any decisions that their captain made. Discipline was harsh and intolerance for difference, whether religion, skin color, gender or sexual orientation, abounded. As Dr. Johnson21) famously observed: “No man will be a sailor who has contrivance enough to get himself into a jail; for being in a ship is being in jail with the chance of being drowned ... A man in jail has more room, better food, and commonly better company.” It is no wonder then that many pirate crews were easily recruited and joined their “attackers” as soon as their officers were no longer in a position of power over them.
Pirate ships were veritable utopias on the sea. Democratically and horizontally organized, each crewman had a say in what he or she would be participating in and all shared in the risks and gains. Each crew operated under a written pact that was agreed on and signed by all crewmen. These pacts commonly made provisions for crewmen who were injured in raids in the form of compensation. Pirate crews were also highly diverse and included people of various skin colors as well as women. There was no glass ceiling22): anyone could be captain if they proved themselves worthy. These people were proletarian rebels, dropouts from an unjust and unequal society. They acted in an autonomous and egalitarian23) fashion, despite the dangers and constant persecution. They set up “pirate utopias” on uninhabited and remote islands which were like free autonomous zones organized with an anarchist24) political structure.
Contrary to popular notions, pirates were not just rough, brutal men interested only in rum and women. The Caribbean islands at the time were a teeming mass of outcasts, political deportees25) and so-called religious extremists—literally anyone who dared to challenge the state, the monarchy and capitalist exploitation. There were deported Irishmen, Scottish Royalists, religious dissenters, exiled conspirators of various uprisings and plots against the King as well as the defeated anarchist revolutionaries of the English Civil War of the 1640s, and many others who fled persecution and joined revolutionary pirate crews. This revolutionary consciousness can be seen in the words of one pirate Captain Bellamy who spoke these words to the captain of a merchant vessel his crew had just seized and who had refused to join them: “They vilify26) us, the scoundrels27) do, when there is only this difference. They rob the poor under the cover of law, and we plunder the rich under the protection of our own courage; had you not better make one of us, than sneak after the arses of those villains for employment?”
2[3][4]
These pirates were so succesul that their very existence threatened the mighty and fast-growing empires of Europe that were scrambling28) over each other to gain wealth and territory in the New World. Not only did they present an alternative lifestyle based on equality, freedom and solidarity, but their brazen attacks on shipping in the lucrative waters of the Caribbean deprived these growing empires of both manpower and material goods. Clearly, something had to be done.
It is ironic that the early stages of piracy were both encouraged and often state-sanctioned as in times of war between rivals England and Spain. Queen Elizabeth found it convenient to allow sea adventurers to attack Spanish ships while telling Spain that it was out of her hands since the men was clearly pirates. This setup, however, was not the free, autonomous piracy and so the crewmen on these privateer29) ships suffered the same depration and exploitation as the men in the ny.
Once piracy had exhausted its “legitimate” uses for the state, a campaign to eradicate piracy once and for all30) was put into place that can be credited with many of our current ideas about the viciousness and brutality of pirates. It was a vast propaganda campaign meant to destroy any opposition to the power of the state. They were slandered31) as riotous, blood thirsty, sodomists, and vicious men while the penalty for piracy was death. The famous Captain Kidd32) was hanged and then his body, covered in tar to preserve it, was placed in a gibbet, a sort of iron cage and hung at Tilbury Point as a reminder to all seamen of the risks of escaping from wage slery. And thus, piracy declined due to the steady retaliation33) of the major European powers that were tightening their political and economic grip on parts of the world that had previously been on the very fringes of civilization.
Pirate culture of today that emulates these free revolutionaries might be seen as an outcome and, ultimately, a rejection, of the devastation that the last 500 years of imperiali and capitalist exploitation has wrought not just on our environment or in the so-called “Third World” but on our very psyches. Why do we no longer he the choice to live free like the pirates of yesteryear? What I find heartening about this pirate fad is that more and more people are seeing that there is more to life than ceaseless accumulation of material goods and that freedom is something people really need and want. Only time will tell where pirate culture goes from here.
眼下海盗风靡一时，我指那些非法下载盗版音乐和电影的人(编注：pirate有“盗版者”之意)，的海盗：那些喝着朗姆酒、装着木制假肢、戴着眼罩、神气活现的海盗。海盗旗在全国各地的学校宿舍里，带有骷髅头和交叉腿骨的图案也无处不在，就连婴儿围嘴和小女孩背包这样最能放这些东西的地方也不放过。连迪士尼公司也意识到这一时尚大有钱赚，推出了《海盗》系列电影。隐藏在这股海盗热背后的到底是呢？是又一阵来去匆匆、盲目跟以的疯狂潮流呢，还是了某些深层的含义？
海盗和海盗活动自古就有，在世界各地都很猖獗。即使在今天，联合国仍在与索马里海岸附近装备有导弹的海盗斗智斗勇。不过，不管以哪来讲，所提到的海盗和海盗文化围绕历史上17和18世纪的海盗现代追随者来展开的。其现代追随者的那个时候海盗的审美情趣，有时为了显得更有异国情调，也模仿南太平洋海盗的审美风格。这说，模仿的是黑胡子和杰克·斯帕罗船长之类的海盗，而古代的腓尼基海盗现代的索马里海盗。
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一想到海盗，脑海中就会浮现出不同的：醉酒、眼罩、木制假肢、走跳板、残暴、留大胡子、养鹦鹉、暴戾、嫖宿，然后还是醉酒。对于某些人来说，这海盗的魅力所在，想喊就喊，想闹就闹，说话妙语连珠，犹如地下挖出的璀璨宝藏。，在海盗文化的魅力背后，也许还更为深层的含义。
海盗无论男女皆自由自在，过着无拘无束、惊险刺激的生活，喜欢把船开到哪儿就开到哪儿，在田园牧歌般的岛上爱住多久就住多久，为了存活，就索取。在世界，到处清规戒律、疆界地界、巡逻巡视的世界上，内心渴望独立，渴望自由，渴望摆脱那些压迫、迫使在灰色的小隔间里朝九晚五地工作以偿还房贷的权力机构，，海盗的生活方式就对产生了的吸引力。
1650～1725年是海盗的黄金时期，那时普通百姓的生活被十分严格的清规戒律所束缚。，要摆脱饥饿、悲惨、受尽欺凌的农民命运，享受富贵奢华的精英生活，还是有办法的，那做自由自在、自我的海盗。美洲大陆的欧洲移民为了摆脱殖民地政府的野蛮压迫近乎奴隶般的契约劳役，选择了逃跑，与土著美洲人生活在一起。同这些人一样，人海盗，为了躲避皇家海军和商船商人想象的残酷，海蔗糖种植园主的奴役。
在心目中，典型的海盗大都与野蛮、邪恶毫无廉耻道义的恶魔联系在一起。但事实恰恰相反，对普通水手来说，加入海盗等于解放。在海军和商船中，生活条件极为残酷和严苛。普通水手为陆地上有钱的船老板打工，赚的钱却的份；拿着少得可怜的工资，受着非人的待遇，却要承担的风险。船上的权力结构等级森严，决定船长一人说了算，普通水手根本说话的权利。船上苛刻的规定，几乎容忍任何异端，不管是宗教、肤色、性别还是性取向等等。约翰逊博士曾有过一段著名的言论：“任何人，只要有能力把弄进监狱，都不会愿意当水手；在船上就于住在随时都有可能淹没的监狱里……何况蹲监狱的人还有更大的空间、更好的食物，通常来说更好的伙伴。”如此说来，也就难怪水手轻易就成了海盗，一旦的上司失去对的掌控，就会倒戈加入“攻击者”的队伍。
海盗船是名副其实的海上理想国。、平等的组织，每成员都有权决定要参加行动，每个人都分担的风险，享受的利益。每成员的都受书面协定的支配，协定经过成员的认同和签名。这类协定通常会对在突袭中受伤的成员如何补偿作出规定。海盗成员的构成多元化，肤色的人，还有妇女。海盗船上不有着晋升的“玻璃天花板”，任何人只要证明有能力，都有可能船长。当时这些人都属于反叛的普罗大众，被缺乏公平和正义的社会所抛弃。经常有危险，也经常受到迫害，但当家做主，人人地位平等。在荒无人烟的偏僻海岛上，成立了“海盗乌托邦”，无政府主义者的政治结构，好比是自由的自治区域。
和通常的不同，海盗并不粗鲁、野蛮的男人，只对朗姆酒和女人感兴趣。那时的海岛聚集了形形色色的人：有被家庭和社会抛弃者，有政治流放犯，谓的宗教极端分子。几乎敢于挑战、王权和资本主义剥削的人皆汇集于此。中有被放逐的爱尔兰人，有苏格兰保皇党人，有宗教异端分子，有密谋叛乱谋害国王而被放逐者，有17世纪40年代英国内战中失败的无政府主义革命者，还有其他逃避迫害、加入了革命性的海盗组织的人。革命意识以海盗贝拉米船长的话中听出端倪，这些话是他对一艘商船的船长说的(这位船长的船被贝拉米船长的手下攻占，但拒绝加入)：“故意丑化，那些无赖的家伙，和的区别仅仅：在法律的保护下掠夺穷人，而则是在自身勇气的保护下劫富济贫；你加入难道不比鬼鬼祟祟地跟在那群流氓的屁股后面替卖命强吗？”
这些海盗十分成功，的有着本身对强大并进展的欧洲帝国的威胁。这些帝国其时正争先恐后地在美洲大陆抢夺财富，瓜分领土。这些海盗了另建立在平等、自由和团结上的生活方式，在最有油水的海域对过往船只发动的肆无忌惮的进攻，也以人力和物力两削弱了这些进展帝国。显然，得采取应对的措施了。
具有讽刺意味的是，在英国和西班牙这对老对手交战期间，这些早期的海盗活动是受到的，的许可。伊丽莎白女王就让海上冒险家去攻击西班牙船只得心应手，却告诉西班牙她管不了，那显然是海盗所为。，勾当并非自由、自主的海盗，这些私掠船上的水手和海军里的水手一样，遭到和剥削的。
一旦海盗对失去了“合法的”价值，一场完全彻底的清剿海盗运动就开始了。说，有关海盗邪恶、残暴的这场运动的成果。一场声势浩大的宣传攻势，旨在摧毁敢于对抗权力的任何力量。被扣上了、嗜血、变态和邪恶的帽子，而对海盗罪的处罚是死刑。著名的基德船长被绞死的，他的尸体被涂上焦油(以利于保存)后放置在像铁笼子的绞刑架里，挂在蒂尔伯里角，以警示水手逃脱雇佣劳役的代价。，欧洲持续的报复，它们对以前文明边缘的地区加强了政治和经济制约小学语文教学论文，海盗活动就此逐渐衰落。
过去五百年来，帝国主义和资本主义剥削对环境所谓的“世界”了破坏，也给造成了心理上的损伤。这些模仿自由革命者的海盗文化看做是破坏产生的结果，，以根本上来看，对破坏的抵抗。为像过去的海盗那样选择自由自在的生活呢？令我欣慰的是，以风靡的海盗时尚中，我越来越多的人意识到生活的作用小学数学教学论文并仅无休止地积聚物质财富，自由才是和渴望的。海盗文化此后还将走向何方？时间能给出答案。
1.buccaneer [ˌbʌkəˈniə] n. 海盗
2.swashbuckling [ˈswɔʃˌbʌkliŋ] adj. 神气活现的，虚张声势的
3.peg-legged：装木制假肢的
4.eye-patched：戴眼罩的
5.Jolly Roger：海盗旗(饰有白色骷髅的黑旗)
6.skull and crossbones：骷髅头和交叉腿骨的图案，该图案以前多出现在海盗旗上用作海盗的标志，现今还用来表示危险或死亡的警告。7.bib [bɪb] n. (小儿用的)围嘴
8.bandwagon [ˈbændˌwæɡən] n. (尤指政治上或商业上的)时尚，浪潮，声势浩大的活动9.for all intents and purposes：(=in every practical sense)以来说
10.revivalist [riˈvaivəlist] n. 信仰复兴运动者
11.Black Beard：黑胡子海盗，真名爱德华·蒂奇(Edward Teach, 1680～1718)，出生于英国布里斯托尔，是18世纪横行海地区最臭名昭彰的海盗。动漫《海贼王》(One Piece)中亦有此角色。
12.Jack Sparrow：杰克·斯帕罗，电影《海盗》(Pirates of the Caribbean)系列中“黑珍珠号”(The Black Pearl)的船长，人称杰克·斯帕罗船长。
13.Phoenician：腓尼基人，历史上古老的民族，自称为闪美特人，又称闪族人。生活在今天地中海东岸的黎巴嫩和叙利亚沿海一带。腓尼基人是古代世界最著名的航海家和商人，驾驶着船只踏遍了地中海的每角落。
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4.walk the plank：走跳板，旧时海盗处死俘虏的办法
15.treasure trove：(被但不知属于谁的)大量钱财(或财富)；埋在地下的无主金银财宝16.patrol [pəˈtrəʊl] n. 巡逻，巡视
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7.speak to：对……有吸引力
18.indentured [ɪnˈdentʃə(r)d] adj. 受契约束缚的19.plantation [plɑːnˈteɪʃ(ə)n] n. 种植园
20.hierarchical [ˌhaɪəˈrɑː(r)kɪk(ə)l] adj. 分等级的
21.Dr. Johnson：约翰逊博士(Samuel Johnson, 1709～1784)，英国作家，批评家
22.glass ceiling：玻璃天花板(指视若无形而实际有着的妇女、少数族裔在职业岗位上升迁的局限)
23.egalitarian [ɪˌɡælɪˈteəriən] adj. 平等主义的
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4.anarchist：请参见第31页注释1。
25.deportee [ˌdiːpɔː(r)ˈtiː] n. 被放逐者26.vilify [ˈvɪlɪfaɪ] vt. 诽谤，辱骂
27.scoundrel [ˈskaʊndrəl] n. 无赖，恶棍
28.scramble [ˈskræmb(ə)l] vi. 争夺，抢夺
29.privateer [ˈpraɪvətɪə] n. 私掠船
30.once and for all：断然地，坚决地
31.slander [ˈslɑːndə(r)] vt. 口头诽谤，造谣
32.Captain Kidd：基德船长，全名威廉·基德(William Kidd, 1645～1701)，苏格兰人，有“海盗之王”的称号。基德是一位极富争议的船长，他曾经是战争英雄，后赏金猎人，却以海盗罪被处死，但他至死不承认是海盗。
33.retaliation [rɪˌtæliˈeɪʃ(ə)n] n. 报复，报仇
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