反讽,英式幽默与美式幽默：差别何在？

Humour is a phenomenon which is influenced by culture. It can be difficult to determine what aspects define a certain sense of humour. A nation’s wit is linked to the historical development of the country. How funny somebody finds a certain incident depends on many factors including age, personal experience, level of education and geographical location.1 Therefore humour is something which is not always tranerable2 in another country.
What somebody from one area may find hilarious may not be amusing at all to somebody from another location.3 Whether or not someone gets a joke is determined by their interpretation, filtered by the cultural context.4
What about when both countries speak the same mother tongue? Does that mean that they will then share the same sense of humour, or can differences still occur? Let’s take the example of Britain and America. Not only do Americans and British spell the word “humour” differently, most claim that American humor and British humour are quite different in nature. Time and time again, people say that Brits5 and Americans don’t“get” each other’s sense of humour. To what extent is this true, if at all?
There’s a received wisdom in the U.K. that Americans don’t get irony.6 It is often believed to be one of the most common differences between the British and American sense of humour. This is of course not true. One of the major differences seems to be how often both nations use irony. Brits use irony on a daily basis7. We use it as liberally as prepositions in every day speech.8 We tease our friends. We use sarca as a shield and a weapon.9 We oid sincerity until it’s absolutely necessary. We mercilessly take the piss out of10 people we like or dislike basically. And ourselves. This is very important. Our brashness and swagger is laden with equal portions of self-deprecation.11 This is our license to hand it out.
But it is not the foundation of American humour. I think Americans understand British irony (most of the time anyway!); what they don’t understand is the need to use it so frequently. When Americans use irony they tend to state that they were “only kidding”.12 They feel the need to make a joke more obvious than Brits do, maybe this stems from13 a fear of offending people.
The American sense of humour is generally more slapstick14 than that in Britain. I think this arises from15 a cultural difference between the two. Their jokes are more obvious and forward, a bit like Americans themselves. British jokes, on the other hand, tend to be more subtle but with a dark or sarcastic undertone.16 There is usually a hidden meaning. This may stem from the fact that British culture is more reserved17 than American culture.
Americans say, “He a nice day” whether they mean it or not. Brits are terrified to say this. We tell ourselves it’s because we don’t want to sound insincere, but I think it might be for the opposite reason. We don’t want to celebrate anything too soon. Failure and disappointment lurk around every corner.18 This is due to our upbringing. Americans are brought up to believe they can be the next president of the United States. Brits are told, “It won’t happen for you.”
Yet certain American comedies he gained huge success in Britain and vice versa19. Therefore, although there are differences between both comic styles, there is still an appreciation and understanding of the other sense of humour. Both the British and America versions of the comedy The Office20 are hugely succesul on both sides of the Atlantic. Both shows he their own cultural differences, yet they portray a lifestyle which both Americans and Brits alike can relate to.21 Although both nations he subtle differences in their wit, they can both appreciate the other’s sense of humour.

1. 人某件事的可笑要依赖因素而定：年龄、个人、受教育地理位置。

2. tranerable: 可转移的。

3. hilarious: 极可笑的，捧腹的；amusing: 有趣的，好笑的。

4. get: 〈口〉懂，理解；filter: 过滤。

5. Brit: 英国人。

6. received: 承认的；irony: 讽刺，反讽。

7. on a daily basis: 每天。

8.在日常对话中大量地使用反讽，就如同使用介词一样频繁。liberally:大量地，地；prepositions: 介词。
9. 把嘲讽当作盾牌和武器。
10. take the piss out of: 取笑，嘲弄。
11. 的自以为是与得意忘形其实也满载着同等的自嘲。swagger: 得意忘形，妄自尊大；self-deprecation: 自嘲，自贬。
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2. 当美国人使用反讽时，在“开玩笑”而已。

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3. stem from: 基于，由……造成。

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4. slapstick: 充满胡闹的。

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5. arise from: 起，由……产生。

16.另一，英式幽默会更加微妙，但却带有阴郁隐晦或嘲弄挖苦的意味。undertone:（言行的）含意，意味。
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7. reserved: 拘谨的，内向的。

18. 挫败与失望潜伏于角落。
19. vice versa: 反之亦然。
20. The Office: 《办公室》，美国的一部喜剧片，该片大受欢迎的英国BBC同名喜剧改编，了一群办公室白领的日常生活。
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1. relate to: 发生共鸣，认同。