时态,现在完成进行时和现在完成时辨析

动词时态高考考查热点，近几年的命题呈现由“能力立意”逐渐转向“情景立意”，即由考查固定句式时态，逐渐转向在的语境中考查动词的时态，了英语语法和情景交际互相运用的特点。这样一来，时态题难度增大，丢分现象更为。同学们在做题中经常将多个时态混为一谈。这一情况，单独挑出高考时态中易错易混的一组时态——现在时和现在完成时做系统的归纳总结，同学们掌握两种时态的核心含义，并能在语境中辨析，掌握做题要领，以而轻松攻克同类型时态题。
下面先来做一组习题热热身吧！

1. —I am so tired.

—No wonder. You for a whole day.
A. work
B. are working
哲学论文C. he been working
D. he worked

2. —We’ve spent too much money recently.

— Well, it isn’t surprising. We_______ around all the time.
A. are shopping
B. he shopped
C. were shopping
D. he been shopping
3. I he to see the doctor because I ______ a lot from headache lately.
A. he been suffering
B. was suffering
C. he suffered
D. suffer
Keys: C D A
题同学们做对了吗？是对于两个时态有点混淆不清呢？下面我就两个时态的不同之处做个详尽的讲解。

一、现在完成时和现在完成时的核心含义

1. 现在完成时的构成形式是he/has been doing sth.，一般译为“在做某事”。现在完成时被动语态，它强调动作在以过去到现在某一段时间内持续，强调动作的持续时间,动词是延续性动词。现在完成时常与all the time, all the afternoon, the whole week等时间状语连用。：
The CPI in China has been rising. 的居民消费指数在上升。（强调动作持续）
2.现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，完成在过去，其结果或影响仍有着。为“已经做过了某事”，并不强调这一动作在持续不停地。现在完成时常与already, yet, so far, recently等时间状语连用。：
Xi Jinping has paid his fifth visit to the USA. 已经完成了他对美国的第五次访问。（强调已经完成）

二、现在完成时和现在完成时比较

相比较，现在完成时具有3个特点：

1. 未完结性

一般的现在完成时通常具有结果含义（完结性），而现在完成时则常常具有未完结含义。如：
I he cleaned the classroom.我把教室打扫干净了。（教室已经打扫干净）
I’ve been cleaning the classroom.我在打扫教室。（可能打扫完教室）
例1（2010江苏卷）—Why, Jack, you look so tired!
—Well, I _______ the house and I must finish the work tomorrow.
A. was painting
B. will be painting
C. he painted
D. he been painting
浅析D。 句意：杰克，你为看如此疲惫？我都在粉刷房子，并且我明天完成。句意可知，杰克在粉刷房子，动作未完结，并且杰克会继续粉刷，强调动作持续，故现在完成时态。C项为现在完成时，强调过去的动作已经完成及对现在的影响，而杰克显然还刷完房子，故C项不语境。

2. 连续性或性

现在完成时常常用于表示延续的连续性或性动作。
Jack he been calling Lucy every night for the last week. 上星期，杰克每天晚上都给露西打电话。
I’ve been knocking. I don’t think anybody’s in. 我在敲门。我想屋里没人。
例2 （2009四川卷）Excuse me, Marcia, a reporter from Vanity Fair _______ all day. Could you speak to her now？
A. phones B. has phoned
C. has been phoning D. phoned
浅析C。 句意为：对不起，玛西娅，一位来自Vanity Fair的记者一整天都在打电话，你现在能和她通话吗？时间状语all day表示过去开始的动作持续到现在，记者一整天是数次打电话，了连续性和性的特点，故用现在完成时。

3. 常带有感彩

说话人带有赞许、埋怨等显著的感彩。
Meng Peijie has been looking after her paralysed adoptive mother with great care for 12 years. We all admire her very much. 孟佩杰12年来悉心照顾瘫痪的养母，都很钦佩她。（赞许的感彩）
I’ve been waiting for an hour, but he still hasn’t turned up. 我都等了小时了，他还未露面。（抱怨的感彩）
例3 （2008北京西城抽样） —I wonder if you could go with me to the cinema.
—Don’t disturb me. I ______ a composition all the morning and hen’t finished it yet.
A. write
B. was writing
C. he written
D. he been writing
浅析D。 答语的句可知答话人整个上午都在写作文，现在还写完，所以用现在完成时，了未完结性的特点，表示动作以过去持续到现在，还可能继续下去。并且由“Don’t disturb me”显著感觉到答话人抱怨的感彩。而现在完成时强调对现在造成的影响或结果，不表示动作的持续，C项不正确。
巩固练习
1. （2010湖南卷）I’m tired out. I ______ all afternoon and I don’t seem to he finished anything.
A. shopped
B. he shopped
C. had shopped
D. he been shopping
2. （2010辽宁卷） Josephto evening classes since last month, but he still can’t say“What’s your name?” in Russian.
A. has been going B. went
C. goesD. has gone
3. I wonder if John has forgotten my number, I _______ him to call me for the past two hours.
A. was expecting
B. he expected
C. he been expecting
D. expected
4. —Sorry for being late. I was held up in the traffic.
—It’s all right. I _______ the newspaper, anyway.
A. am reading
B. read
C. he been reading
D. he read
5. Please stop to he a rest. You _______ the washing machine the whole morning.
A. he repaired
B. were repairing
C. he been repaired
D. he been repairing
Keys：DACCD