实词,如何提高完型填空能力及技艺写作策略

完型填空主要测验学生的语言综合运用能力，做好完形填空既要有良好的心理素质，又要有一定的技艺，包括基础知识的掌握和运用，对整个文章逻辑联系的理解等。

一、完型填空特点

1.阅读文章短，设空多

为了测试学生的语言知识综合能力，制约试题短文长度及挖空密度是必要的。一般来说，短文的长度在250-300个单词左右。平均每两空间隔12个左右单词。

2.考查重语境，轻语法

以近10年的高教学论文考完型填空试题来看，完全考查语法知识的题几乎没有。百分之九十五的题都是四个选项的语能和结构相同，只有通过文章情节即语境才能做出正确作答。

3.考查实词多，虚词少

实词是指那些能够独立承当句子成分的词，如名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词等；虚词则是指连词、介词、冠词等，完型填空的选项设计百分之八十左右为实词。

二、做题的四个步骤

Step 1 Pay attention to the first sentence. （研读首句，打开窗口）（1分钟）Step 2 Skip the passage to get the general idea.（跳过空格，速度全文，把握大意）（2-3分钟）Step 3 Reread and choose the best answerfor each blank by using some methods. （2-3分钟）（前后联系，先易后难，各个击破）Step 4Read the passage again and check the answers.（代入答案，再读全文，检验答论文格式范文案）（2-3分钟）

三、解题的四种策略

在把握语篇大意的基础上，借助于一些恰当的策略选择最佳答案。

1.根据上下文语境

... Then I had to walk several blocks in the increasingly hey rain .When I finally got to my office, I was47through, exhausted and 48. (2008·山东卷)
4

7.A.wetB.weakC.sickD.hurt

48.A.ashamed B.discouraged
C.surprised D.puzzled

2.词义辨析

（1）...Given the right tools ,we can train our brains to act like what they did when we were younger. All that’s 50is the practice designed for the purpose : a few exercises for the mind.
50.A.requiredB.inquired
C.acquiredD.requested
（2）... When Saturday night came, I was luckily39the tables not far from the kitchen.40,I still felt a little hard to carry the hey trays(托盘). (2008年·全国卷I)
39. A.leftB.given
C.brought D.shown
40. A.Therefore B.However
C.Otherwise D.Finally

3.利用文章中的信息(原词复现、近义词和反义词等）

When I entered Berkeley, I hoped to earn a scholarship...
The last hurdle(障碍) was the final. No matter what
48I got, it wouldn’t cancel three C-pluses. I might as well kiss the 49 goodbye....
I was speechless when my course grade arrived: A-plus. It was the only A-plus given. The next year I received my scholarship. I’ve always remembered Professor Jayne’s lesson : you alone must set your own standard of excellence. (2008·北京卷)
48.A.grade B.answer
C.lessonD.comment
49.A.scholarship B.course
C.degreeD.subject

4.了解生活常识，确定相关知识

（1）(Immediately)the officers jumped into their cars and rushed to the___ hospital.
A.animalB.biggest
C.plantD.nearest
（2）The space is left to let the rail expand（膨胀） when it gets.
A.wet B.coldC.hotD.dry
做完后将所选定的词放到文章中复读检查，以以下几方面入手： 1.the tense and the voice，the accord between subject and predicate（时态语态，主谓语在上下文的中是否一致）2.grammar and collocations（语法和习惯用法的搭配在上下文中是否逻辑上一致）3.the connection between sentences and paragraphs (段与段，句与句之间的衔接是否连贯)4.the meaning of the whole passage（整体上检查结构、语义及逻辑是否一致，上下文的衔接是否合理）。
（作者单位：河北省南宫中学）