动作,动词,解读“过去进行时”

请看下面几道中考题：
1. —What were you doing this time yesterday？
—I ________ on the grass and drawing a picture.（2011年，北京市）
A. sitB. satC. am sittingD. was sitting
2. —I called you at 4:00 yesterday afternoon，but no one answered.
—Sorry，I ________ with my friends at that time. （2011年，河南省）
A. swim B. swam C. will swimD. was swimming
3. I was very angry with John——he just _________ when I spoke to him. （2011年，江苏省徐州市）
A. isn’t listening B. hasn’t listened
C. didn’t listen D. wasn’t listening
4. The girl with two cats ________ in the yard when the earthquake happened. （2011年，内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市）
A. was playing B. is playing
C. are playingD. were playing
5. I ________ when the UFO landed. （2011年，四川省宜宾市）
A. am watching TVB. was watching TV
C. he watched TV D. watched TV
浅析：上面的五道中考题均是在考查同学们对过去时用法的掌握情况，答案为：

1. D； 2. D； 3. D； 4. A； 5. B。

英语中，过去时是初中生掌握的语法项目，掌握它的用法对于同学们学好英语具有作用小学数学教学论文，绝等闲视之。

一、过去时的构成形式

1. 过去时由“助动词was/were + 现在分词”构成。如：

When I was watering the flowers in the garden，it began to rain.我正在花园里浇花时，天开始下起雨来。
We were hing dinner when the phone rang.正在吃晚饭时电话响了。

2. 过去时的否定式由“was/were not + 现在分词”构成。如：

The students weren’t reading English when the teacher came into the classroom. 老师走进教室时，学生们没在读英语。
This time yesterday Jack was not watching TV. He was repairing his bike. 昨天时候，杰克在看电视，在修理自行车。

3. 过去时的疑问式由“Was/Were + 主语+ 现在分词？”构成。如：

Were you playing basketball at four yesterday afternoon？ 昨天下午四点钟你们正在打篮球吗？
Was Sandy doing homework at eight yesterday evening？ 桑迪昨天晚上八点钟正在做作业吗？

二、过去时的用法

1. 表示过去某一时刻正在发生或的动作，常与at eight yesterday evening、at this time last year、at that time等表示过去的时间状语连用。如：
We were working on a farm at this time last year.去年时候正在农场干活。
What were you doing at this time yesterday？ 昨天时候你在干？
2. 表示过去某一段时间正在或发生的动作，常与the whole night、from8:00 to 10:00 yesterday morning等表示过去一段时间的状语连用。如：
I was doing my homework at home from eight to nine yesterday morning. 昨天上午八点到九点我正在家里做作业。
What were you doing from nine to eleven last Sunday morning? 上星期天上午九点至十一点你正在干？
3. go、come、start、lee等位移动词用过去时表示过去将来的动作，通常指计划或安排某时将要发生的动作。如：
Mr. Brown told us he was leing there soon. 布朗先生告诉他很快就会离开那儿。
Tom said he was coming to see his friend. 汤姆说他要去看望朋友。
4. 与频度副词always连用表示过去经常反复的动作，常常有埋怨、讨厌、赞扬或喜爱等感情，意为老是、总是。如：
My son was always forgetting things. 我的儿子总是丢三落四。(表示埋怨)
He was always helping others. 他总是他人。（表示赞扬）

5. 过去时有时要上下文的语境来确定动词的时态，近年来命题的热点。如：

—You were out when I dropped in at your house yesterday. 我昨天去你家看你时你不在。
—Oh，I was waiting for a friend from Beijing at the train station.噢，我在火车站等北京来的朋友。

三、过去时与一般过去时的区别

一般过去时表示过去发生的单纯事实，多侧重于动作的完成；过去时表示过去某时间或某一时刻正在或发生的动作，强调动作的进程和进展，但不完成。试感受：
She wrote an e-mail to her friend last night. 昨晚她给朋友写了封电子邮件。（“邮件已写完”）
She was writing an e-mail to her friend last night. 昨晚她在给朋友写电子邮件。（含有“邮件不写完”之意）

四、过去时when与while的区别

when与while以句都可与过去时的谓语动词连用，但它们之间是有区别的。when引导的时间状语以句与过去时连用时，指“当动作发生时，另动作正在”，以句谓语动词是延续性动词，也是非延续性动词，以句的动作既可和主句的动作发生，又在主句动作或发生；while引导的时间状语以句与过去时连用时，指“主句和以句的动作正在”，但以句的谓语动词是延续性动词。如：
When my father came in，I was reading. 爸爸进来的时候，我正在读书。
You were dancing while I was singing. 我在唱歌时，你在跳舞。
【学以致用】
用括号内所给动词的形式填空。
1. It _____ (rain) when they ______ （lee）the station.
2. When they ________（get）to the top of the mountain，the sun ________(shine).
3. While he ________（wait） for the bus，he ________（read） a newspaper.
4. When I _________（come） to see you yesterday you _______（speak） to the teacher.
5. —Come in，Peter. I want to show you something.
—Oh，how nice of you! I never _______（think） you _______（go）to bring me a gift.
6. Mary _______（do） her homework this time yesterday.
7. The Greens __________（he） supper when the phone_______ （ring）.
8. He ______（do） some cooking at that time，so he _______（not hear）me.
Keys:

1. was raining；left2. got；was shining

3. was waiting；was reading

4. came；were speaking

5. thought；were going6. was doing

7. were hing；rang8. was doing；didn’t hear