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Abstract: The development of the contemporary thinking science and the construction of the system of thinking types serve as the prerequisite to the introduction of thinking in translation studies. Four basic thinking types will be discussed in this article: thinking in images, inspirational thinking, logical thinking and inertial thinking.
Key words: thinking in images; logical thinking; inspirational thinking;inertial thinking; translating
During these twenty years, some articles and a few books on the study of translation thinking can be found. These articles and books mainly discuss this topic on the following four aspects: (1) General discussion on translation and thinking, (2)Thinking in images and literary translation, (3) logical thinking and scientific translation, (4) inspirational thinking and translation. These articles conjure up the whole picture of the study of tran怎么写论文www.618jyw.com
slation thinking in China through seeing a part of it.In fact, in translation practice, thinking types are comprehensive and tridimensional, mingled with each other, not separative and plane. It is improper to only discuss thinking in images in literary translation while logical thinking in sci-tech translation. Generally speaking, language is the tool of thinking and communication, while thinking is the mechani of the brain and the process to reflect the objective world. They are two different social phenomena: the law of thinking is logic while the rule of language is grammar. The singularity of thinking content and flexibility of language make out various versions and also lead to many difficulties in translation process. No matter consciously or unconsciously, almost every translator has met this kind of problem in his practice.
Thinking is the advanced stage of human being’s cognition. The contrast with sensation and perception makes the properties of thinking clear. Sensation and perception can only reflect single attribute or single thing, while thinking can reflect the essence of the things in the same category and the regular relation between its components. Sensation and perception can only reflect the things which act on the sense organs directly, while thinking always depends on a certain medium to reflect the objective things. Sensation and perception can only reflect the concert things present, which are confined by time and space, while thinking is the general and indirect reflection, it can help people to know the former things and predicate something in the future. The primary activity, application and purpose of language in the mature adult is thinking. Language is often regarded as the instrument of thinking. The instrumental viewpoint of language is very influential among quiet a few scholars. For instance, Zhu Zhixian claims “In the process of thinking, the objective reality is reflected in the mind by means of words and speeches. Man’s thinking is a ‘verbal thinking’. Language is the material cloak of thinking .” Some even claim that “Language is the instrument on the basis of which thinking is carried out…Human thinking—whatever form it is realized in—will be impossible without language”.
Thinking is the most active factor and basic ability in a translator’s ability system. The study of thinking has brought some new inspirations into translation circles recently. The introduction of thinking offers some systematic research methods and scientific supports for translatology. Many types of thinking he been discussed by a few scholars, such as intuitive thinking, thinking in images, logical thinking and inspirational thinking, their constructive discussions and valuable views lay a foundation for the study of translation thinking.
From the traditional philosophical and psychological viewpoint, there are two basic types of thinking which are generally accepted, i.e. thinking in images and logical thinking. They two he been frequently and widely discussed in many fields for a very long time. As the founder of modern science of thinking in China, Qian Xuesen first put forward another type of thinking in his letter to Wu TingJia and Shen Dade on July1, 1980. In this letter, he mentioned that the types of thinking are not limited to thinking in images and logical thinking, inspiration in creative thinking is an independent thinking type which is different from the two. And in 1985, he further put forward that to develop the science of thinking as the basic science is to study thinking in images, logical thinking and inspirational thinking and their laws. After that, inspirational thinking is gradually accepted as an independent type of thinking and the system of thinking in images, logical thinking and inspirational thinking in the modern science of thinking is constructed. And according to Qian Xuesen’s view, logical thinking is linear, thinking in images is plane, while inspirational thinking is three-dimensional, so one chapter is arranged in this paper to discuss it. Besides these three types, a new type is added into them for discussion as the humble opinion put forward by the author in this article. It is in源于:硕士毕业论文www.618jyw.com
ertial thinking. It is caused by a kind of automatic thinking, not active thinking, which makes the thinking subject ignore the thinking process. And his thinking is from the source to the target directly, without a process, without active thinking. Due to the limited scientific supports and references at present, maybe it can’t be regarded as an independent thinking type or put forward as a parallel concept of the three mentioned before. But when the author traces the inducements and influence of it, she finds that it deserves a close analysis in the case of translation practice.源于:论文格式标准www.618jyw.com
Translation thinking, including thinking in images, logical thinking and inspirational thinking, is a new approach to translation studies. The translation of any style needs thinking in images. Especially for the translators of literary works, they should represent the environment, characters and plot in the original with the aid of thinking in images. And they should also use concrete imagery materials and artistic forms to reproduce the objective reality described in the original. Sci-tech translation needs thinking in images as well. General conception, imaginative images and state should be constructed according to the information offered in the original, then expressed by the source language. Logical thinking is also indispensable to the translation in any style. With the help of concept, judgment and inference, the translators can reflect the objective reality correctly. This means that they should use the grammatical concepts they mastered to judge the internal relationships of words, clauses and sentences, and infer the semantic meaning in order to construct the general semantic structure. Besides grammatical concepts, other cognitive requirements, such as professio源于:职称论文www.618jyw.com
nal knowledge and cultural background should be applied in order to achieve correct judgment and inference. Inspirational always induces the appearance of new ideas and conceptions and promotes the development of them. Inspirational thinking is three-dimensional. Inspiration isn’t the God’s spirit, but the fruit of wisdom of human being. A translator’s inspiration comes from many aspects, such as life experience,translation practice, profound knowledge, language ability and thinking ability. Inertial thinking is not helpful to creation, and it doesn’t bring new knowledge, but it is very necessary for the training of a practiced skill. Inertial thinking has dual nature. Under the similar or same circumstances, inertial thinking lets people to make quick response and find a way to solve a problem easily. When the circumstances change, it makes people response dully and find a wrong approach to solution. In translation practice, both its positive and negative influence should be reckoned with.
References
1 黄希庭.心理学导论.北京:人民教育出版社,2001.
2 Newmark, Peter. Approaches to Translation. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2006.
3刘利民.语言是思维的工具论.社会科学研究,1994.
4刘奎林.灵感——创新的非逻辑思维艺术.哈尔滨:黑龙江人民出版社,2003.
5毛荣贵,范武邱.灵感思维在翻译活动中的表现.外语与外语教学,2004. [3]
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